What should the operators of two powered vessels do when they approach each other in a head-on situation?

The answer

When two power-driven vessels approach each other head-on (meeting nearly bow to bow), both operators should turn to starboard — to the right. This makes the boats pass port-to-port, meaning each vessel's left (port) side passes the other's left side. It's the same instinct as two cars meeting on a road: both keep right and slide safely past each other.

The key point is that in a head-on meeting, neither vessel is the 'stand-on' (right-of-way) boat. Both are equally responsible for avoiding a collision, and both must act. Each operator alters course to starboard early and clearly, so the other can see the maneuver and the intent is unmistakable.

Why the other responses are wrong

Common wrong answers on the boating exam include:

• 'Both turn to port (left).' Turning left would send the boats toward each other or create confusion. The Navigation Rules specifically call for a starboard turn to pass port-to-port. Turning port is exactly backwards.
• 'One boat holds course and the other gives way.' That describes a crossing situation, not head-on. In a true head-on meeting there is no stand-on vessel — both give way. Assuming you have the right of way here is dangerous.
• 'Maintain speed and course and pass however it works out.' Doing nothing invites a collision. Both operators are obligated to take early, substantial action.

Because a head-on meeting makes both vessels equally responsible, the only correct response is the mutual starboard turn.

The bigger picture: three encounter types

The Navigation Rules (COLREGS / Inland Rules) define three power-vessel encounters, and knowing all three keeps them from blurring together on the test:

1. Head-on (meeting): Boats approach bow to bow. Both turn to starboard and pass port-to-port. No stand-on vessel.
2. Crossing: Boats approach at an angle. The vessel that has the other on its starboard (right) side must give way — slow, stop, or turn behind the other. The boat on the left is the stand-on vessel and holds course and speed. A memory aid: if you see the other boat on your right, it's your duty to yield (think of the red port light rule — 'if to starboard red appear, 'tis your duty to keep clear').
3. Overtaking: One boat catches up to another from behind (coming up in the overtaken boat's stern arc). The overtaking vessel is always the give-way vessel and must keep clear of the boat ahead, passing on either side when safe. The boat being overtaken is the stand-on vessel.

Across all situations, every operator must maintain a proper lookout, travel at a safe speed, and act early and decisively. When in doubt, slow down. These rules exist so that two operators who have never met can predict each other's actions and avoid a collision — which is why memorizing the head-on starboard turn, and how it differs from crossing and overtaking, is essential for the license exam and for real-world safety.